Summarized spoken text
As we mentioned before, Summarize spoken text and Re-tell lecture are sister questions. So, we suggest you use the same strategy of note taking for both. In Summarize spoken text, a video clip or an audio track is played for you. You use the marker and the erasable noteboard booklet to take notes down. Basically, you would want to write down the main idea, names of people, cities, dates, numbers and any phrases or expressions that you pick up from the track. You can even write some ideas in your own language. After the recording is over, you will have 10 minutes (minus the audio play time) to write a 50-70 word summary. Remember to use grammatical structures that you can use confidently, and words that you are absolutely sure you can spell correctly.
1. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” The colors of flowers correlate with the quality of their nectar, which influence insect choices. Insects such as bees prefer to inhabit in hotter flowers as they seek energy infusion while pollenating. Given the same quality and quantity of nectar, bumblebees will choose warm over cooler colors, so flowers evolve to warmer colors to attract bees. ”
2. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” Socialism traces its roots back to 1880s, while communism started in 1840s. Both the movements were influenced by French revolution which pitted the political left against the political right. Right means aggressive and nationalistic while the left represents conservative elements more linked to the common man and his issues such as equality and justice. ”
3. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” Marketing is the process and activity that transfers goods and services from the suppliers to the end user or customer. Marketing aims at creating a win-win situation for the company and the consumers. All of this is done as per a specific business model to ensure profits. Therefore, companies can generate more return capital. So marketing equals to increasing in sales. ”
4. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” Socialism traces its roots back to 1880s, while communism started in 1840s. Both the movements were influenced by French revolution which pitted the political left against the political right. Right means aggressive and nationalistic while the left represents conservative elements more linked to the common man and his issues such as equality and justice. ”
5. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” Consumers are very careful when buying delicate soft products. They want products which are not only soft, but which also last a long time. It is important for businesses to understand that softness does not mean lack of durability. This poses an engineering challenge – to make soft products tough and long lasting. “
6. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” During the second world war, UK government was the first government in the world that raised the question of human rights among other countries. Later in 1958 it created more laws guarding freedom, conventional human rights and religious freedom. It set up a baseline and minimum standards for human rights. ”
7. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” Epidemics are better prevented than stopped. United States uses the device under discussion, to prevent epidemic transmission. It is used as an antiviral drug. However, it can’t be easily used by developing countries because of lack of resources and lots of other big challenges, such as in the logistics and handling. ”
8. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” We all want to learn science to deal with problems and make our world better. The foundation is mainly working on purification of water and improving human health. People from developed countries are lucky to drink bottled water, but water purification is a major global problem. Naontechnology can be used to find solutions. ”
9. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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” Dendron-chronology indicates the age of trees through rings, but it could be ambiguous. The width of rings illustrates the climate situation of rain and drought that affects tree growth. The sequence message of narrow and wide represents hidden information like Morse code. The information is even richer and more diagnosable for it provides more possibilities than dash and dot. ”
10. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Allergies seem to be increasing these days especially in more hygienic societies where children are less exposed to harmful situations at an early age. They are a result of the body’s immune system reacting to something it believes is harmful and producing histamines to rid the body of this. Sufferers are advised to avoid the trigger for their allergy and, when this is impossible, are prescribed anti-histamines.
11. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The speaker was discussing ageism. She talked about discrimination based on a person’s age. She mentioned rejecting a haircut or relationship because it was age inappropriate. She discussed how Hollywood has about 12% of named characters over the age of 60. She suggested that no-one is born ageist, and quipping about a senior moment didn’t explain why if she had a “junior moment” she never passed comment on it.
12. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The speaker was discussing the three most important things that people carry. He mentioned that keys, money and a mobile phone are important for survival. He talked about how these relate to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: shelter (keys), food (money) and connectivity (phone). He suggested that three billion people use a phone and we can be connected across time and space.
13. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The speaker was discussing crowdsourcing news reports of crisis. He mentioned that the first three hours can be unclear and overloaded. He talked about how we can create a crowdsourced filter. He mentioned that people can rate comments to better indicate the probability of true reports. He suggested that it is amazing that this innovation is coming out of Africa.
14. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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It is believed that the medicines we consume are undervalued. Parents may leave their medications lying around the house and children may unknowingly consume them. Putting medications in locked boxes is one technique to prevent accidents. Different medications have varying resistance and durations, which can be exceedingly dangerous if the wrong drug is taken. So, the course will largely improve drug misuse and considerably enhance our lives.
15. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The speaker argues that although Western economies have expanded since the 1950’s, there has been no parallel growth in happiness. Surveys indicate that rich people generally say they are happier than poor people, but it appears that although individuals may become happier society as a whole does not. One possible answer is that people soon become accustomed to improvements and so do not appreciate them.
16. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The speaker talks about human language, which is different with animals’. Animals only can repeat utterances without meaning, but human beings could say various new contents. However, the evolution of human language is slow and laborious according to the evidence from the early human’s brain fossil. Similarly, brain’s hemisphere is bigger than the right side, which can partly prove human’s strong language ability.
17. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The amount of money drug companies spend on TV ads has doubled in recent years. A study raises questions about the message these ads promote. Researchers analyzed 38 ads aimed at people with conditions like hypertension, herpes, high cholesterol, depression, arthritis, and allergies. None of the ads mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition. When the character is shown taking the drug, he magically regains complete control of his life. None of the ads, of course, mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition. After all, it’s mass marketing.
18. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The author referred to in the discussion has a particular way of bringing unexpected beauty and newness to everyday subjects and situations in his work. An example of that is his famous radio play about the people of a small town. The way he has written the play, he has transformed their everyday situations into something very special-funny, beautiful and moving.
19. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Laughter is one of the greatest therapies in combating adversity, and whole communities and nations frequently rely on humor to get them through the bleakest time. Jokes about those who rule and sometimes those who tyrannize you are a form of folklore in societies. Humor can also be wonderfully subversive. They can protect self-respect and identity. In more totalitarian societies, laughter relieves the pressures and anxiety of political oppression.
20. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The lecture is about black holes and escape velocity which is a very important concept related to black holes. Lecturer defines escape velocity as the speed with which something will have to go to escape the gravitational field of an object, such as Earth, escaping here means going out and not falling back on the surface.
21. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Australia’s education funding model is so dysfunctional that simply pumping billions of extra dollars into the system will not reverse the widening class divide between our schools. Mid-range private school students are on track to receive approximately $1000 more federal and state government funding than comparable average government school students by 2020, based on nationwide funding trends from 2009 to 2014, according to a provocative new report by Centre for Policy Development.
22. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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I’d like to begin by thanking Dr. Kane for inviting me to be here today. Although I’m not a geologist, I have been collecting minerals for years. My collection is really diverse because I’ve traveled all over the world to find them. Today I’ve brought a few specimens for you to see. After I discuss each one, I’ll pass it around so that you can look at it more closely. As you know, feldspars are the most abundant minerals and are divided into a number of types. These first samples are orthoclases. Notice that they vary in color from white to pink to red. This glassy one is found in volcanic rock. In fact, I found it in New Mexico on a collecting trip. This next sample that I’ll pass around is a microcline mineral, also called amazonstone. You can identify it by its bright green color. It’s often used in jewelry and really is quite attractive. These final samples are all plagioclase feldspars. Many plagioclases are very rare, so I’m particularly proud of the variety in my collection. I’ve also brought a few slides of some larger mineral samples, and if you’ll turn out the light now, I’d like to show them to you.
23. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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24. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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It is difficult to proofread your own work (topic), but it helps if you think about the problems you have had before (point I). You have to remember to look for how the ideas now (point 2) and to check the paragraphing and also the references (point 3). It might help if you read your essay aloud, and you should do this after a break so you will see the errors more easily (POint 4).
25. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Cave paintings started approximately 40,000 years ago during the upper Paleolithic Period. The pictures are mainly of animals such as bison, horses, aurochs, and deer. The colors were limited to yellow, brown, charcoal, red, hematite, and manganese oxide. Contrasted to the naturalistic animal paintings, the drawings of humans are more schematic and rare. The artists were believed to be respected elders and shamans.
26. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The two main types of aid for developing countries are mentioned. One is long-term aid for countries with problems that money alone cannot fix (drought, poor agriculture), and the other is emergency aid, which includes the basic things needed immediately following a natural disaster. For long-term problems, it is more important to teach the skills needed to develop the economy, and to organize and run social services than to give cash aid.
27. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Welcome to the largest retrospective exhibit this art museum has ever devoted to an architect. The architect chosen for this honor is Frank Lloyd Wright, probably the greatest United States architect of the twentieth century. Wright has a reputation of being arrogant and insensitive to his clients’ needs, but his work is based on a set of principles rather than a style. Because of his belief in unity of design and the elimination of unnecessary detail, he resisted his clients’ wishes to introduce what he called foreign objects to his carefully designed interiors. Frank Lloyd Wright always tried to achieve harmony of building and setting. The first drawing in the exhibit, of one of his “Prairie” houses, illustrates this integration of the house with the landscape of the American Midwest. You can see how he stresses the horizontal line with spreading roofs and strips of windows. Outside porches stretch into the gardens, making one harmonious whole. Because of this goal of harmony, you won’t see skyscrapers among his designs. Wright was criticized for his impractical houses with leaky flat roofs, but his houses also had great virtues. The design of the Prairie houses, for example, made them warm in winter and cool in summer. The drawings and photos in this exhibit will show the enormity of Frank Lloyd Wright’s contribution to modern architecture.
28. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Before I tell you about the interesting discovery related to Tyrannosaurus rex, I need to review something we studied last semester, the difference between what are commonly called cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. In warm-blooded animals, birds and mammals, for example, the body temperature normally stays within a narrow range, no matter what the outside temperature is. As a result, a warm-blooded animal is usually active in both cold and hot weather because its body temperature can adjust to the temperature of its environment. On the other hand, cold-blooded animals, such as most reptiles, amphibians, and insects, are unable to create enough heat internally to raise their temperature above the temperature of the environment. So, for example, the temperature of a cold-blooded animal falls when the environment is cool. I hope this distinction is clear. Now, moving on to Tyrannosaurus rex, you may know that dinosaurs, being reptiles, are generally believed to have been cold-blooded. Well, a recent research study found that the chemical composition of the bones of Tyrannosaurus rex was consistent with the bones of an animal that has a very narrow range of internal temperature, indicating that it was probably warm-blooded.
29. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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It is believed that the medicines we consume are undervalued. Parents may leave their medications lying around the house and children may unknowingly consume them. Putting medications in locked boxes is one technique to prevent accidents. Different medications hav varying resistance and durations, which can be exceedingly dangerous if the wrong drug is taken. So, the course will largely improve drug misuse and considerably enhance our lives.
30. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The amount of money drug companies spend on TV ads has doubled in recent years. A study raises questions about the message these ads promote. Researchers analyzed 38 ads aimed at people with conditions like hypertension, herpes, high cholesterol, depression, arthritis, and allergies. None of the ads mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition. When the character is shown taking the drug, he magically regains complete control of his life. None of the ads, of course, mentioned lifestyle changes that could also help treat the condition. After all, it’s mass marketing.
31. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Resilience is the ability to navigate challenges, fostered through a positive mindset, self-care, and social connections. Supportive environments, stress management, and coping strategies enhance well-being, mental health, and life satisfaction.
32. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Coral reefs, vital for marine biodiversity, support 25% of ocean species despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor. Threatened by climate change and pollution, their preservation is crucial for ecosystems and human livelihoods.
33. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Sustainable tourism preserves natural and cultural heritage while benefiting local communities. It requires eco-friendly initiatives, responsible travel, and collaboration between governments, businesses, and tourists to protect destinations for future generations.
34. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Humans communicate through speech, but animals use unique methods. Dolphins whistle, birds sing, and elephants wrap trunks. Some, like bees, use movement. Every species has its own way to share information.
35. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Empathy strengthens communities by fostering social bonds, promoting inclusivity, and driving positive change. It enhances conflict resolution and cooperation, creating a more compassionate and connected society.
36. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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A sea breeze is an onshore wind occurring on warm days due to temperature differences between land and sea. It forms as land heats faster than water, requiring specific conditions like light offshore winds.
37. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Urbanization alters landscapes, causing habitat loss and ecological imbalance, but also offers opportunities for sustainable development. Green infrastructure and efficient planning can help balance urban growth with environmental sustainability.
38. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability, food security, and adaptation. Its loss disrupts ecological balance. Preserving habitats, promoting sustainability, and combating climate change are essential for safeguarding our future.
39. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Education is key to bridging social inequalities, yet disparities in access persist. The digital divide worsens this gap, but initiatives like scholarships and digital learning promote equitable opportunities, fostering empowerment and change.
40. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Bee hives are highly organized, with a queen, drones, and thousands of worker bees performing essential tasks. Worker bees clean, feed, guard, and forage, ensuring the hive’s upkeep. They meticulously maintain cleanliness, groom the queen, and remove dead bees to prevent disease. Intruders too large to be removed are sealed in propolis, showcasing the hive’s efficiency and teamwork.
41. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Renewable energy is key to a sustainable future, offering environmental and economic benefits. Unlike fossil fuels, renewables like solar and wind reduce greenhouse gas emissions, combat climate change, and improve air quality. Additionally, the renewable energy sector drives job creation, innovation, and energy independence. Investing in clean energy safeguards the planet while fostering economic growth, making the transition both necessary and beneficial.
42. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The digital revolution enhances connectivity and education but raises privacy concerns and environmental challenges. Ethical innovation, data protection, and sustainability are essential to ensuring technology remains a positive force in society.
43. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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The digital revolution offers global connectivity and knowledge access but raises privacy and environmental concerns. Ethical innovation, data protection, and sustainability are crucial to ensuring technology remains a positive force in society.
44. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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With rising urbanization and grid pressure, cities are adopting microgrids—small, renewable-powered networks that enhance energy self-sufficiency, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and support overstretched electrical grids with localized production and storage.
45. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Preserving natural habitats is crucial for biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human survival. Protecting them safeguards species, ensures clean air and water, supports climate regulation, and secures a sustainable future for generations.
46. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Environmental conservation is essential for clean air, water, biodiversity, and ecological balance. It safeguards public health, economic stability, and future prosperity, ensuring a sustainable and thriving planet for generations to come.
47. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Charles Darwin’s 1831 voyage aboard the HMS Beagle led to his Theory of Evolution. Two centuries later, his great-great-grandson retraces his journey in Brazil, commemorating his discoveries and historical observations.
48. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Empathy fosters understanding, unity, and conflict resolution in a divided world. It promotes social change, justice, and cooperation, making it essential for a more compassionate, harmonious, and connected society.
49. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Critical thinking is essential in the digital age, helping individuals discern reliable information, solve problems creatively, and communicate effectively. It fosters informed decision-making, innovation, and collaboration in a rapidly evolving world.
50. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Telescopes function as powerful eyes, using lenses and mirrors to collect light. Their resolution affects image clarity, and they excel in astronomy by detecting light more efficiently than human vision.
51. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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A 2015 documentary suggests dolphins use puffer fish to get high, but skeptics argue there’s no scientific proof. While the effects remain uncertain, dolphins clearly enjoy playing with the fish.
52. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Blood efficiently delivers oxygen throughout the body, utilizing red blood cells to maximize capacity. Its shared circulation ensures all 37 trillion cells receive oxygen precisely when needed, maintaining optimal function.
53. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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Standing meetings are 34% shorter than sitting ones while maintaining decision accuracy. Researchers found that standing can save time without compromising effectiveness, making it ideal for quick, important decisions.
54. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the report.
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A tight-knit group of software engineers can tolerate and even benefit from non-conformist individuals. These “weirdos” often bring fresh ideas, diverse perspectives, and innovative thinking, which can be crucial for a company’s success. Balancing compliance with creative disruption helps organizations thrive, especially when innovation is key to their growth.
55. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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This passage discusses the concept of deadweight loss in gift-giving, where gifts may not be valued equally by the giver and receiver, leading to economic waste. Economists argue that cash is the most efficient gift because it retains its full value, but it lacks emotional sentiment.
56. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Researchers developed a precise method to determine a dog’s age using DNA methylation. Tina Wang’s study revealed aging patterns similar to humans, challenging the traditional “seven dog years per human year” rule.
57. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Germany’s Equal Pay Day offers women a 21% discount on rail fares to highlight the gender pay gap. Berlin’s metro supports the initiative, though critics argue it may not significantly benefit working women.
58. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The Golden Gate Bridge, famed for its beauty, attracts 9 million visitors yearly. Painted “International Orange” for visibility, it spans the Golden Gate Strait, connecting San Francisco to Marin County since the 1920s.
59. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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After WWII, British soldiers showed German civilians the Belsen camp to reveal wartime atrocities. The just-world hypothesis explains how people justify injustice by believing actions determine deserved outcomes.
60. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Maturity isn’t just about forgiveness; sometimes, it’s about letting go. Walking away from harmful people isn’t weakness—it’s self-respect. Prioritizing our well-being is a vital act of self-love.
61. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Trust drives successful economies, but data breaches raise concerns. Thoughtful legislation should boost digital confidence without harming innovation. A national privacy law can help, but social norms and technology play key roles.
62. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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63. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Spending is universal and controllable. To maximize happiness, know yourself, prioritize social connections, and value experiences over things. Investing in meaningful moments, like shared meals, enhances overall well-being.
64. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Banks may not innovate digital currencies but will react when necessary. As digital currencies become mainstream, major banks will adopt them once profitable, despite business disruptions. Eventually, they will either lead or follow but cannot avoid involvement.
65. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Loneliness distorts perceptions, making people feel less cared for and afraid to reach out. It is subjective and linked to emotional disconnection. Research shows chronic loneliness increases early death risk by 14% and harms physical health.
66. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The passage explains that humans may be designed for biphasic sleep, with a nighttime rest and a short daytime nap. While naps benefit the brain and body, long naps can harm nighttime sleep. Short, early naps are fine if sleep isn’t an issue.
67. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Nassim Taleb introduced the concept of anti-fragility, which goes beyond resilience. While resilience restores a system after stress, anti-fragility strengthens it. Examples include muscle growth from exercise and psychological post-traumatic growth, where stress leads to improvement.
68. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Evil stems from past wounds, not innate malice. Understanding its origins requires patience and love, without excusing wrongdoing. We can condemn harmful actions while exploring their causes, reshaping our perspectives without compromising safety or justice.
69. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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To instill a growth mindset, recognize its scientific basis, learn and teach effective effort, and challenge fixed mindset thoughts. Replace “I can’t” with “I can’t yet” and share this mindset to help others reach their potential.
70. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Diamonds in lamproids and kimberlites can’t be directly dated, but their silicate inclusions can be dated using radioactive decay. Sometimes, these inclusions resemble diamonds structurally, suggesting they formed together, though this occurrence’s rarity is unclear.
71. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The 1860 Democratic platform sought to expand slavery into free states, causing a party split, Lincoln’s Republican victory, Southern secession, and ultimately the Civil War, as the North strongly opposed these pro-slavery demands.
72. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Curiosity arises when learners act from their true selves, fostering interest and engagement. Self-determination enhances learning enjoyment, as adults must personally endorse their learning to find activities like studying and practicing meaningful and fulfilling.
73. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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74. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Learned helplessness occurs when repeated negative experiences make animals or people feel powerless. Even when escape is possible, they take no action. For example, a child struggling in math may develop persistent feelings of helplessness in similar situations.
75. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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To manage stress, I avoid toxic people and places that don’t suit me. If stress is unavoidable, I set boundaries, seek solitude, confide in trusted individuals, and reflect on the cause to prevent future distress.
76. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Always ask for permission before taking someone’s picture to respect their comfort. Inform them if you plan to share it on social media, ensuring they understand its visibility. This approach is fair and considerate.
77. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Always ask for permission before taking someone’s picture to respect their comfort. Inform them if you plan to share it on social media, ensuring they understand its visibility. This approach is fair and considerate.
78. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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I wouldn’t want to live on a tropical island because I’d get bored and dislike hot weather. Being from northern England, I prefer the cold. While I enjoy visiting tropical places, I’d always miss home.
79. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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I eat a salad for lunch daily because it’s healthy, quick, and keeps me energized. It ensures I get enough vegetables and doesn’t slow me down, unlike a heavy meal that would make me feel sluggish.
80. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The COVID-19 pandemic increased loneliness and social awkwardness. Isolation negatively impacts mental and physical health, causing social skill loss over time. Markiyan Prohasco, after spending two months in Antarctica, compared it to quarantine experiences.
81. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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At six months old, babies are better than nine-month-olds at recognizing certain faces. A study found that six-month-olds can distinguish between both human and non-human faces equally well, a skill that declines as they grow older.
82. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The year 2020 brought major changes to education, with teachers adapting to online platforms and students learning via Zoom. The quality of education varied based on internet access, teacher preparedness, and students’ access to devices.
83. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Managing friendships and money is tricky, especially with different incomes and spending habits. In a city like New York, wealth gaps add pressure, and since money is rarely discussed openly, splitting bills and social spending remains complicated and uncertain.
84. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Before today’s episode, we need your help! Are you struggling to hire or find a job? Share your experiences—challenges, changes, or frustrations. Tell us what’s happening, and let’s discuss the labor shortage
85. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Harvard Medical School professor Sanjiv Chopra shares five daily habits for longevity in The Big Five: drink coffee, exercise, get enough vitamin D, eat nuts, and practice meditation to reduce stress.
86. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Video and audio enhance mobile, social media, and web content. Humans engage best with visual storytelling. Short videos or slideshows with audio outperform text, making content more dynamic, accessible, and competitive.
87. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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If unsure about pen and ink, start with a light pencil sketch to check proportions and composition. Observe contrasts between straight and curved lines, then outline the chair and violin before adding finer details and textures.
88. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The Moon’s rotation and revolution both take 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. It moves 13 degrees daily against the stars, causing lunar phases due to its changing position relative to the Sun.
89. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Stress can be beneficial in small doses but often becomes overwhelming. Many face work and domestic pressures, leading to anxiety and illness. Millions suffer from stress-related issues, impacting daily life and overall well-being.
90. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Despite having more choices than ever, too many options can overwhelm consumers. A study showed that fewer choices led to higher sales, proving that excessive options can hinder decision-making rather than encourage spending.
91. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Modern classrooms and office cubicles hinder brain development. Exercise boosts brain function by producing BDNFs, but today’s sedentary lifestyle limits this. Historically, movement shaped intelligence, suggesting workplaces should encourage physical activity for better productivity.
92. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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93. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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This talk explores life without fossil fuels, emphasizing their unsustainability due to depletion, climate impact, and supply security. Transitioning to alternative energy sources is crucial for a sustainable future.
94. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Universities like LSE face intense global competition for top students, faculty, research funding, and philanthropic support, especially in English-speaking countries, where academic competition is more pronounced.
95. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Water is essential for life, yet laws surrounding drinking water quality and access are often overlooked. This discussion explores legal rights to clean water, key threats, and actions we can take both legally and personally to ensure safe water.
96. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Water purification removes impurities and contaminants using methods like boiling, distillation, and reverse osmosis. The process varies based on water sources and contaminants, ensuring safe drinking water. Filtering is an essential first step.
97. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Researchers developed oxygen-filled microparticles to deliver oxygen directly into the bloodstream. Tested on rabbits, this foam stabilized oxygen levels, potentially offering life-saving treatment for blocked airways in the future.
98. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The Internet is essential for daily life, enabling ticket bookings, news access, and social networking. It helps people stay informed and connected with friends and family, making it a valuable tool.
99. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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People often assert superiority to avoid feeling low in a hierarchy. Sometimes, conflicts arise due to personality incompatibility, leading to dislike and tension between individuals.
100. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Waking up disoriented in a luxury hotel far from home can feel lonely despite modern comforts. Research suggests that even high-end accommodations may not always provide a fulfilling experience.
101. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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Teamwork can cause inconsistency, harming sales. A smartphone failed as it targeted both businesses and consumers but satisfied neither. Clear decision-making is crucial for success, as is valuing hard work.
102. You will hear a short report. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present. You should write 50-70 words.
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The banana, first cultivated around 7,000 years ago in Papua New Guinea, played a key role in early agriculture and human civilization. It spread across the Pacific, Asia, Africa, and even Ecuador.
