In the writing summarize written text section of the PTE you will need to read a piece of information that is given to you. Then, you will need to summarize what you have read. Keep in mind that the summary needs to explain to someone who doesn’t have the original information what was written.
Some tips for PTE Writing Summarize Written Text questions.
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
- Write out bullet points for each paragraph to start.
- Summarize your bullet points into a single sentence.
- Write an answer that is at least 35 words but no more than 50 words.
- Don’t miss basic grammar (capital letters, period, etc.)
- Do not include information that is not in the text.
- Write in the third person.
- Look for information in the final paragraph.
- Don’t skip any important information.
- Use transition words like ‘however, but, or.’
- Write everything in one sentence.
- Use words that you know well.
- Follow the scoring guidelines when writing and practicing.
Summarize Written Text Questions 1
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
San, people of southern Africa, consisting of several groups and numbering over 85,000 in all. They are generally short in stature; their skin is yellowish brown in color; and they feature prominent cheekbones. The San have been called Bushmen by whites in South Africa, but the term is now considered derogatory. Although many now work for white settlers, about half are still nomadic hunters and gatherers of wild food in desolate areas like the Kalahari semi-desert, which streches between todays Nation States of Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. Their social unit is the small hunting band; larger organizations are loose and temporary. Grashuts, caves and rock shelters are used as dwellings. They possess only what they can carry, using poisoned arrowheads to fell game and transporting water in ostrich-egg shells. The San have a rich folklore, are skilled in drawing, and have a remarkably complex language characterized by the use of click sounds, related to that of the Khoikhoi . For thousands of years the San lived in southern and central Africa, but by the time of the Portuguese arrival in the 15th cent., they had already been forced into the interior of southern Africa. In the 18th and 19th cent., they resisted the encroachment on their lands of Dutch settlers, but by 1862 that resistance had been crushed.
Several of San, short Southern African people with yellowish brown skin color and prominent cheekbones, still live in small hunting units, following a primitive way of life in interior of southern Africa, having been pushed there by the Portugese.
Summarize Written Text Questions 2
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Consider the current situation: Like their counterparts in the United States, engineers and technicians in India have the capacity to provide both computer programming and innovative new technologies. Indian programmers and high-tech engineers earn one- quarter of what their counterparts earn in the United States. Consequently, India is able to do both jobs at a lower dollar cost than the United States: India has an absolute advantage in both. In other words, it can produce a unit of programming for fewer dollars than the United States, and it can also produce a unit of technology innovation for fewer dollars. Does that mean that the United States will lose not only programming jobs but innovative technology jobs, too? Does that mean that our standard of living will fall if the United States and India engage in international trade?
David Ricardo would have answered no to both questions—as we do today. While India may have an absolute advantage in both activities, that fact is irrelevant in determining what India or the United States will produce. India has a comparative advantage in doing programming in part because such activity requires little physical capital. The flip side is that the United States has a comparative advantage in technology innovation partly because it is relatively easy to obtain capital in this country to undertake such long-run projects. The result is that Indian programmers will do more and more of what U.S. programmers have been doing in the past. In contrast, American firms will shift to more and more innovation. The United States will specialize in technology innovation; India will specialize in programming. The business man-agers in each country will opt to specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage. As in the past, the U.S. economy will continue to concentrate on what are called the “most best” activities.
What a country will engage in international trade depends on its comparative advantage, so India will do more computer programming due to its comparative disadvantage of obtaining physical capital while the United State will engage in capital-intensive technology innovation, though India can do both at lower costs.
Summarize Written Text Questions 3
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Jobs generated by Travel & Tourism are spread across the economy – in retail, construction, manufacturing and telecommunications, as well as directly in Travel & Tourism companies. These jobs employ a large proportion of women, minorities and young people; are predominantly in small and medium sized companies; and offer good training and transferability. Tourism can also be one of the most effective drivers for the development of regional economies. These patterns apply to both developed and emerging economies.
There are numerous good examples of where Travel & Tourism is acting as a catalyst for the conservation and improvement of the environment and maintenance of local diversity and culture. Travel & Tourism creates jobs and wealth and has tremendous potential to contribute to economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable development in both developed countries and emerging nations. It has a comparative advantage in that its start-up and running costs can be low compared to many other forms of industry development. It is also often one of the few realistic options for development in many areas. Therefore, there is a strong likelihood that the Travel & Tourism industry will continue to grow globally over the short to medium term.
Travel and tourism industry improves the development of regional economies and maintenance of the environment and culture and will continue to grow in the short to medium term because of its comparatively low starting and running costs.
Summarize Written Text Questions 4
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
The history of marketers seeking the advice of physicists is a short one, but an understanding of the Theory of Resonance may give communications experts the edge. Resonance Theory explains the curious phenomenon of how very small pebbles dropped
into a pond can create bigger waves than a large brick. The brick makes a decent splash but its ripples peter out quickly. A tiny pebble dropped into the same pond, followed by another, then another, then another, all timed carefully, will create ripples that build into small waves.
As Dr Carlo Contaldi, a physicist at Imperial College London, explains, a small amount of energy committed at just the right intervals – the ‘natural frequency’ – creates a cumulatively large effect.
Media consultant Paul Bay believes that just as with pebbles in a pond, a carefully choreographed and meticulously timed stream of communication will have a more lasting effect than a sporadic big splash during prime-time TV breaks.
Innocent is testament to the power of pebbles. Until last year, the maker of smoothies had never advertised on TV, instead drip-feeding the market with endless ingenious marketing ploys – from annotating its drinks labels with quirky messages to hosting its own music festival, Fruitstock. The company sent a constant stream of messages rather than communicating through the occasional big and expensive noise.
So whether you’re trying to make waves in the laboratory or in the media, the people in white coats would advise a little and often. A big budget is not the prerequisite of success.
Resonance theory, which explains that very small pebbles dropped into a pond can create bigger waves than a single large brick, can also be applied to media such that a carefully choreographed and timed stream of communication will create a more cumulative and lasting effect than a big occasional propaganda.
Summarize Written Text Questions 5
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Spurred by the sense that disorderly behaviour among students in South Euclid was increasing, the school resource officer (SRO) reviewed data regarding referrals to the principal’s office. He found that the high school reported thousands of referrals a year for bullying and that the junior high school had recently experienced a 30 percent increase in bullying referrals. Police data showed that juvenile complaints about disturbances, bullying, and assaults after school hours had increased 90 percent in the past 10 years.
A researcher from Kent State University (Ohio) conducted a survey of all students attending the junior high and high school. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with students—identified as victims or offenders— teachers, and guidance counsellors. Finally, the South Euclid Police Department purchased a Geographic Information System to conduct crime incident mapping of hotspots within the schools. The main findings pointed to four primary areas of concern: the environmental design of the school; teacher knowledge of and response to the problem; parental attitudes and responses; and student perspectives and behaviours.
The SRO worked in close collaboration with a social worker and the university researcher. They coordinated a Response Planning Team comprising many stakeholders that was intended to respond to each of the areas identified in the initial analysis. Environmental changes included modifying the school schedule and increasing teacher supervision of hotspots. Counsellors and social workers conducted teacher training courses in conflict resolution and bullying prevention. Parent education included mailings with information about bullying, an explanation of the new school policy, and a discussion about what could be done at home to address the problems. Finally, student education included classroom discussions between homeroom teachers and students, as well as assemblies conducted by the SRO. The SRO also opened a substation next to a primary hotspot. The Ohio Department of Education contributed by opening a new training centre to provide a non-traditional setting for specialized help.
The results from the various responses were dramatic. School suspensions decreased 40 percent. Bullying incidents dropped 60 percent in the hallways and 80 percent in the gym area. Follow-up surveys indicated that there were positive attitudinal changes among students about bullying and that more students felt confident that teachers would take action when a problem arose. Teachers indicated that training sessions were helpful and that they were more likely to talk about bullying as a serious issue. Parents responded positively, asking for more information about the problem in future mailings. The overall results suggest that the school environments were not only safer, but that early intervention was helping at-risk students succeed in school.
After careful research and study, the School Resource Officer coordinated a Response Planning Team to respond to incidents of bullying and disorderly behavior in schools, which resulted in a sharp decrease in such incidents.
Summarize Written Text Questions 6
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Some of this panic is overdone—and linked to the business cycle: there was much ado about “a war for talent” in America in the 1990s, until the dotcom bubble burst. People often talk about shortages when they should really be discussing price. Eventually, supply will rise to meet demand and the market will adjust. But, while you wait, your firm might go bust. For the evidence is that the talent shortage is likely to get worse.
Nobody really disputes the idea that the demand for talent-intensive skills is rising. The value of “intangible” assets—everything from skilled workers to patents to know-how—has ballooned from 20% of the value of companies in the S&P 500 to 70% today. The proportion of American workers doing jobs that call for complex skills has grown three times as fast as employment in general. As other economies move in the same direction, the global demand is rising quickly.
As for supply, the picture in much of the developed world is haunted by demography. By 2025 the number of people aged 15-64 is projected to fall by 7% in Germany, 9% in Italy and 14% in Japan. Even in still growing America, the imminent retirement of the baby-boomers means that companies will lose large numbers of experienced workers in a short space of time (by one count half the top people at America’s 500 leading companies will go in the next five years). Meanwhile, two things are making it much harder for companies to adjust.
The first is the collapse of loyalty. Companies happily chopped out layers of managers during the 1990s; now people are likely to repay them by moving to the highest bidder. The second is the mismatch between what schools are producing and what companies need. In most Western countries schools are churning out too few scientists and engineers—and far too many people who lack the skills to work in a modern economy (that’s why there are talent shortages at the top alongside structural unemployment for the low-skilled).
Talent shortage is likely to get worse globally in the future because of an ageing population, the collapse of employee loyalty and the mismatch between what schools are producing and what companies need.
Summarize Written Text Questions 7
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Marshmallow test
They call it the “marshmallow test.” A four- to six-year-old-child sits alone in a room at a table facing a marshmallow on a plate. The child is told: “If you don’t eat this treat for 15 minutes you can have both it and a second one.” Kids on average wait for five or six minutes before eating the marshmallow. The longer a child can resist the treat has been correlated with higher general competency later in life.
Now a study shows that ability to resist temptation isn’t strictly innate—it’s also highly influenced by environment.
Researchers gave five-year-olds used crayons and one sticker to decorate a sheet of paper. One group was promised a new set of art supplies for the project—but then never received it. But the other group did receive new crayons and better stickers.
Then both groups were given the marshmallow test. The children who had been lied to waited for a mean time of three minutes before eating the marshmallow. The group that got their promised materials resisted an average of 12 minutes.
Thus, the researchers note that experience factors into a child’s ability to delay gratification. When previous promises have been hollow, why believe the next one?
A study shows that children’s ability to resist temptation is highly influenced by their environment, and the children who have a positive experience linked to waiting, can delay gratification longer compared to others.
Summarize Written Text Questions 8
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Human remains are a fundamental part of the archaeological record, offering unique insights into the lives of individuals and populations in the past. Recently a new set of challenges to the study of human remains has emerged from a rather unexpected direction: the British government revised its interpretation of nineteenth-century burial legislation in a way that would drastically curtail the ability of archaeologists to study human remains of any age excavated in England and Wales. This paper examines these extraordinary events and the legal, political and ethical questions that they raise.
In April 2021 the British government announced that, henceforth, all human remains archaeologically excavated in England and Wales should be reburied after a two-year period of scientific analysis. Not only would internationally important prehistoric remains have to be returned to the ground, removing them from public view, but also there would no longer be any possibility of long-term scientific investigation as new techniques and methods emerged and developed in the future. Thus, while faunal remains, potsherds, artefacts and environmental samples could be analysed and re-analysed in future years, human remains were to be effectively removed from the curation process. Archaeologists and other scientists were also concerned that this might be the first step towards a policy of reburying all human remains held in museum collections in England and Wales including prehistoric, Roman, Saxon, Viking and Medieval as well as more recent remains.
The British government’s decision to rebury all human remains after a period of two years, will negatively affect the work of archaeologists and make long-term scientific studies almost impossible.
Summarize Written Text Questions 9
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Geothermal energy – Africa
What is the solution for nations with increasing energy demands, hindered by frequent power cuts and an inability to compete in the international oil market? For East Africa at least, experts think geothermal energy is the answer. More promising still, the Kenyan government and international investors seem to be listening. This is just in time according to many, as claims of an acute energy crisis are afoot due to high oil prices, population spikes and droughts.
Currently over 60% of Kenya’s power comes from hydroelectric sources but these are proving increasingly unreliable as the issue of seasonal variation is intensified by erratic rain patterns. Alternative energy sources are needed; and the leading energy supplier in Kenya, Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), hopes to expand its geothermal energy supply from 13% to 25 % of its total usage by 2021. The potential of geothermal energy in the region was first realised internationally by the United Nations Development Program, when geologists observed thermal anomalies below the East African Rift system. Locals have been utilising this resource for centuries; using steam vents to create the perfect humidity for greenhouses, or simply to enjoy a swim in the many natural hot lakes.
Along the 6000 km of the rift from the Red Sea to Mozambique, geochemical, geophysical and heat flow measurements were made to identify areas suitable for geothermal wells. One area lies next to the extinct Olkaria volcano, within the Hell’s Gate National Park, and sits over some of the thinnest continental crust on Earth. This is a result of the thinning of the crust by tectonic stretching, causing hotter material below the Earth’s surface to rise, resulting in higher temperatures. This thin crust was ideal for the drilling of geothermal wells, reaching depths of around 3000 m, where temperatures get up to 342°C, far higher than the usual temperature of 90°C at this depth. Water in the surrounding rocks is converted to steam by the heat. The steam can be used to drive turbines and produce electricity. Wells like those in Olkaria operate by pumping cold water down to permeable ‘geothermal reservoir’ rocks, causing steam to rise back up a nearby production well. Care must be taken with the rate at which cold water is added so as to not permanently cool the source rock.
Geothermal energy will be used as an alternative electric source to meet increasing energy demands in East African countries made possible by the geological advantage owing to thermal anomalies below the East African Rift system.
Summarize Written Text Questions 10
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Development of language
What is text/written language anyway? It’s an ancient IT for storing and retrieving information. We store information by writing it, and we retrieve it by reading it.
Six thousand to 10,000 years ago, many of our ancestors’ hunter-gatherer societies settled on the land and began what’s known as the agricultural revolution. That new land settlement led to private property and increased production and trade of goods, generating a huge new influx of information. Unable to keep all this information in their memories, our ancestors created systems of written records that evolved over millennia into today’s written languages.
But this ancient IT is already becoming obsolete. Text has run its historic course and it now rapidly getting replaced in every area of our lives by the ever-increasing array of emerging ITs driven by voice, video, and body movement rather than the written word. In my view, this is a positive step forward in the evolution of human technology, and it carries great potential for a total positive redesign of K-12 education.
Written language, which is an ancient method of storing and retrieving information, is quickly getting replaced by modern information technologies, which involve more audio, visual or kinetic elements, and this can have a positive impact on K-12 education.
Summarize Written Text Questions 11
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
The English have the reputation of being a nation of tea drinkers, but this wasn’t always the case. By the end of the 17th century, the English were the biggest coffee drinkers in the Western world, and coffee houses became the places to be seen. For gossip also, one could pick up talk of the latest intellectual developments in the field of science, politics, and so on, in this age of scientific discovery and research. Coffee houses were very simple and basic at first; one can say a room with a bar at one corner and a few plain tables and chairs at the other end. Customers paid a penny for a bowl – not a cup – of coffee. At that time, it was thought that the customers didn’t use bad language just because of the presence of a polite young woman. An added attraction was that coffee houses provided free newspapers and journals.
But people didn’t go to the coffee houses just to drink coffee. They went to talk. Simple cafes were converted and developed into clubs, where one with a penny could go for a drink and a chat. Most of them started to go to coffee houses to find other people with the same job or of same interest to talk and conduct business.
The great popularity of coffee houses lasted about a 100 years. In the later 18th century, increased trade with other countries made such luxuries as coffee cheaper and more easily available to the ordinary person. As a result, people started to drink it at home. At that time more tea was imported from abroad. The domestic tea-party replaced the century of the coffee house as the typical English social occasion.
Although the English are known as tea drinkers, in the 17th and 18th centuries, they went to coffee houses, not just to drink coffee but also have a chat about latest intellectual developments.
Summarize Written Text Questions 12
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
The system of Crop Intensification is a climate-smart, agro-ecological methodology for increasing the productivity of crops and more recently other crops by changing the management of plants, soil, water, and nutrients.
SCI methodology is based on four main principles that interact with each other. Early, quick and healthy plant establishment; Reduced plant density; Improved soil conditions through enrichment with organic matter; Reduced and controlled water application. Based on these principles, farmers can adapt recommended SCI practices to respond to their agro-ecological and socio-economic conditions. Adaptations are often undertaken to accommodate changing weather patterns, soil conditions, labor availability, water control, access to organic inputs, and the decision whether to practice fully organic agriculture or not. In addition, the SCI principles have been applied to feed rice and to other crops, such as wheat, sugarcane, pulses, showing increased productivity over current conventional planting practices.
The System of Crop Intensification practice, a contemporary agro-ecological technique to strengthen the betterment of the plantation of crops like wheat, rice, pulses and so forth, over the traditional process, works on four principles basically by ameliorating and adjusting the soil cum farming conditions to achieve high yield.
Summarize Written Text Questions 13
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Elderly people are growing healthier, happier and more independent, say American scientists. The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.
Researchers, now analyzing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems-the major medical complaints in this age group-are troubling a smaller proportion every year. And the data confirms that the rate at which these diseases are declining continues to accelerate. Other diseases of old-age dementia, stroke, arteriosclerosis, and emphysema-are also troubling fewer and fewer people.
‘It really raises the question of what should be considered normal aging,’ says Kenneth Manton, a demographer from Duke University in North Carolina. He says that the problems doctors accepted as normal in a 65-year-old in 1982 are often not appearing until people are 70 or 75, clearly, certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances. But there may be other contributing factors. Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today’s elderly people better start in life than their predecessors.
The ailments and principal medical complaints related to the well-being in the elder age are generally alleviating due to the factors like improved nutrition and advancements in the medical science, according to an American research; thus leading to the longevity.
Summarize Written Text Questions 14
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Educational technology is defined by the Association for Educational Communications and Technology as “The study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.” Educational technology refers to the use of both physical hardware and educational theoretic. It encompasses several domains, including learning theory, computer-based training, online learning, and, where mobile technologies are used, m-learning. Accordingly, there are several discrete aspects to describing the intellectual and technical development of educational technology.
* educational technology as the theory and practice of educational approaches to learning.
* educational technology as technological tools and media that assist in the communication of knowledge, and its development and exchange.
* educational technology for learning management systems (LMS), such as tools for student and curriculum management, and education management information systems (EMIS).
* educational technology itself as an educational subject; such courses may be called “Computer Studies” or “Information and communications technology (ICT)”.
Educational technology spurs learning by advancing the overall academic and practical performance with the usage of computer-based models, e-learning, and some other domains like flexibility in communications of knowledge and management in access to information.
Summarize Written Text Questions 15
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
By far the most popular and most consumed drink in the world is water, but it may come as no surprise that second most popular beverage is tea. Although tea was originally grown only in certain parts of Asia in countries such China, Burma, and India – it is now a key export product in more than 50 countries around the globe. Countries that grow tea, however, need to have the right tropical climate, which includes up to 200 centimeters of rainfall per year to encourage fast growth and temperatures that range from ten to 35 degrees centigrade.
They also need to have quite specific geographical features, such as high altitudes to promote the flavor and taste of the tea, and land that can offer plenty of shade in the form of other trees and vegetation to keep the plants cool and fresh. Together these conditions contribute to the production of the wide range of high-quality teas that are in such huge demand among the world’s consumers. There is green tea, jasmine tea, earl tea, peppermint tea, tea to help you sleep, tea to promote healing and tea to relieve stress; but above all, tea is a social drink that seems to suit the palates and consumption habits of human general.
Tea, the second most popular drink in the world is grown in over 50 countries but these countries have to have the right climate and geographical features in order to produce sufficient high-quality teas to meet the huge demand around the world.
Summarize Written Text Questions 16
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Australia’s food system has grown and evolved over hundreds of years. It is a system that’s served Australians well and underpinned much of our economic prosperity. But it’s a system at risk. And nowhere is the threat larger or more real than in the domain of food fraud.
This is at a time when Australia should be laying the foundation’s for a food economy that can achieve even higher value in the minds and stomachs of the growing Asian middle-class Consumer.
We want to help Australian food to deliver on its promises in a way that survives beyond our borders and as close to the end consumption of the product as possible. Whatever the promise of the food is, be it organic Angus beef from the Hunter Valley, or native jarrah honey from Albany we want to help Australian food producers deliver on and capture the value of its promise.
Australia’s food system which served the citizens and burgeoned the economic growth of the country has become the dilemma in food sector requires our assistance to accomplish its commitments and end utilization of the product effectively.
Summarize Written Text Questions 17
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Under the present system of mass education by classes, too much stress is laid on teaching and too little on active learning. The child is not encouraged to discover on his own powers, thus losing intellectual independence and all capacity to judge for himself. The over-taught child is the advertising-believing propaganda-swallowing, demagogue-led man. Moreover, lessons in class leave him mainly unoccupied. He has to be coerced into learning what does not interest him and the information acquired mechanically is rapidly forgotten. Quite naturally, lessons in class keep him only superficially preoccupied, keeping the mind largely unoccupied of ideas. A strict external discipline becomes necessary unless there is to be chaos and pandemonium. The child learns to obey, not to control himself. He loses moral as well as intellectual independence.
Such are the main defects in the current system of mass education. Many others could be mentioned but these are defects of detail. We need a new system of universal education of the same kind as proved itself so successful in the training of detectives and infants, but modified so as to be suitable for older boys and girls. We need a system of individual education.
The current mass education system stresses more on teaching and not on the child actively learning, and the lessons, unwillingly imposed on the child leads to his mind being unoccupied, consequently, the child loses his ability to think or judge for himself, and hence, it is necessary to come up with a new system of individual education, similar to the training of detectives or infants.
Summarize Written Text Questions 18
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
One of the major uses for VR in the customer experience journey is the ability to design spaces and experiences for customers virtually, and be able to test, refine and enhance these at a much lower cost and quicker turnaround than testing physical prototypes. Robbie Robertson, a lead partner in the Spatial and Brand Experience team says “In our ever-changing world the need to test, immerse and validate our ideas with our customers has become paramount. Using VR and AR we can provide a mixture of three core elements:
Engage: VR is an immersive technology that allows customers to experience a space and place before it is built. Persuade: we can test and train stakeholders in new work practices or process to ensure that they are adopted correctly.
Inform: visualizing a new idea or concept has always been a challenge for many clients. VR and AR allow us to inform them immediately as to the impact of our designs.”
The use of VR in designing spaces and experiences allows them to engage consumers in the building process and train the stakeholders in new practices and help them visualize the new ideas and thus lowering the cost and turnaround time.
Summarize Written Text Questions 19
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
With all the discussions about protecting the earth and saving the planet, it is easy to forget that we also need to preserve the many species of fish that live in the oceans. In developed countries, much larger quantities of fish are consumed than was the case a century ago when fish only featured on the menu once a week. These days, fish has become a popular healthy alternative to meat and this has created a demand for species such as cod, mackerel, and tuna that far outstrips the demands of the previous generation. Throughout the world too, increasing consumption during the past 30 years has meant that the shallow parts of the ocean have been overfished in an effort to supply homes, shops, and restaurants with the quantities of fish that they require. Yet despite the sophisticated fishing techniques of today, catches are smaller than they were a century or more ago. What is more, boats are having to drop their nets much deeper into the oceans and the fish they are coming up with are smaller and weigh less than they used to. While government controls have had some effect on fish stocks, the future does not offer a promising picture. Experts predict large-scale extinctions and an irreversibly damaging effect on entire ecosystems unless greater efforts are made to conserve fish stocks and prevent overfishing in the world’s waters.
The increasing demand for fish, particularly in developed countries and the rapidly declining fish stocks in the world’s oceans because of overfishing to meet demand should be of concern to governments, who need to do more to protect the earth and its ecosystems, and avoid unnecessary species extinction.
Summarize Written Text Questions 20
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Most sea creatures, from whales and dolphins to fish, sharks, shrimps and possibly even anemones respond to sound, and many can produce it. They use it to hunt and to hide, find mates and food, form and guide shoals, navigate ‘blind’, send messages and transmit warnings, establish territories, warm off competitors, stun prey, deceive predators, and sense changes in water and conditions. Marine animals click bones and grind teeth; use drum tight bladders and special sonic organs to chirp, grunt, and boom: belch gases; and vibrate special organs. Far from the ‘silent deep’, the oceans are a raucous Babel.
Into this age-long tumult, in the blink of an evolutionary eye, has entered a new thunder: the throb of mighty engines as 46,220 large vessels plough the world’s shipping lanes. Scientists say that background new noise in the ocean has increased roughly by 15 decibels in the past 50 years. It may not sound like much in overall terms, but it is enough, according to many marine biologists, to mask the normal sounds of ocean life going about its business. At its most intense, some even say noise causes wheels to become disoriented, dolphins to develop ‘the bends’, fish to go deaf, flee their breeding grounds or fail to form shoals – enough to disrupt the basic biology of two-thirds of the planet.
Undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts, says Sylvia Earle, chief scientist of US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ‘Each sound in itself may not be a matter of critical concern, but taken all together, the noise from shipping, seismic surveys, and military activity is creating a totally different environment than existed even 50 years ago. That high level of noise is bound to have a hard, sweeping impact on life in the sea.
Many ocean creatures are dependent on underwater sound to live and breed, but in the last 50 years, noises made by human activity have increased background ocean noise levels by about 15 decibels, which may have a very negative and disruptive effect on sea life and may lead to extinction.
Summarize Written Text Questions 21
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
It’ll Never Fly: The City Of London
Who would have thought back in 1698, as they downed their espressos, that the little band of stockbrokers from Jonathan’s Coffee House in Change Alley EC3 would be the founder- members of what would become the world’s mighty money capital?
Progress was not entirely smooth. The South Sea Bubble burst in 1720 and the coffee house exchanges burned down in 1748. As late as Big Bang in 1986, when bowler hats were finally hung up, you wouldn’t have bet the farm on London surpassing New York, Frankfurt, and Tokyo as Mammon’s international nexus. Yet the 325,000 souls who operate in the UK capital’s financial hub have now overtaken their New York rivals in the size of the funds managed (including offshore business); they hold 70% of the global secondary bond market and the City dominates foreign exchange trading. And its institutions paid out £9 billion in bonuses in December. The Square Mile has now spread both eastwards from EC3 to Canary Wharf and westwards into Mayfair, where many of the private-equity ‘locusts’ and their hedge-fund pals now hang out. For foreigners in finance, London is the place to be. It has no Sarbanes-Oxley and no euro to hold it back, yet the fact that it still flies so high is against the odds. London is one of the most expensive cities in the world to live in, transport systems groan and there’s an ever-present threat of terrorist attack. But, for the time being, the deals just keep on getting bigger.
London has surpassed its rivals and has dominated global financial markets to become the world’s mighty money capital due to its judicial and currency advantages even though the expansion progress was not smooth.
Summarize Written Text Questions 22
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
With an abundance of low-priced labour relative to the United States, it is no surprise that China, India and other developing countries specialize in the production of labour-intensive products. For similar reasons, the United States will specialize in the production of goods that are human- and physical-capital intensive because of the relative abundance
This division of global production should yield higher global output of both types of goods than would be the case if each country attempted to produce both of these goods itself. For example, the United States would produce more expensive labour-intensive goods because of its more expensive labour and the developing countries would produce more expensive human and physical capital-intensive goods because of their relative scarcity of these inputs. This logic implies that the United States is unlikely to be a significant global competitor in the production of green technologies that are not relatively intensive in human and physical capital.
Nevertheless, during the early stages of the development of a new technology, the United States has a comparative advantage in the production of the products enabled by this innovation. However, once these technologies become well-understood and production processes are designed that can make use of less-skilled labour, production will migrate to countries with less expensive labour.
The United States has a comparative advantage in the production during early stages of the development of a new technology, but/however, once these technologies become well understood, production will migrate to countries with less expensive labour.
Summarize Written Text Questions 23
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Virgin Media is the first telecoms and media company in the UK to offer “quad play” to its customers, bundling ultra fast broadband, TV and fixed-line telephony alongside its existing mobile phone services. But with these expanding product lines comes increasing operational complexity. Historically, most of Virgin’s sales were made through calls to its contact centres, but as consumer preferences change, the company has recognised the need to move away from a culture that fostered competition between the different sales channels towards a unified approach.
Change in consumer preferences drove Virgin Media to diversify from existing conventional telecom services to a unified approach such as the ultra-fast broadband ‘quad play’ which, in turn, has increased operational complexities.
Summarize Written Text Questions 24
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
A bonus round, also known as a bonus game or an end game, usually follows a main game as a bonus to the winner of that game. In the bonus round, the stakes are higher and the game is considered to be tougher. The game play of a bonus round usually varies from the standard game play of the front game, although there are often borrowed or related elements of the main game in the bonus round in order to ensure the entire show has a unified premise. Though some end games are referred to as “bonus rounds”, many are not specifically referred to as such in games, though they fit the same general role.
There is no one formula for the format of a bonus round. There are differences in almost every bonus round, though there are many recurring elements from show to show. The bonus round is often played for the show’s top prize.
Until the 1960s, most game shows did not offer a bonus round. In traditional two-player formats, the winner – if a game show’s rules provided for this – became the champion and simply played a new challenger either on the next show or after the commercial break.
One of the earliest forms of bonus rounds was the Jackpot Round of the original series Beat the Clock. After two rounds of performing stunts, the wife of the contestant couple would perform at a jackpot board for a prize. The contestant was shown a famous quotation or common phrase, and the words were scrambled. To win the announced bonus, the contestant had to unscramble the words within 20 seconds. The contestant received a consolation gift worth over $200 if she was unsuccessful.
Bonus round, which is a special high stake and more challenging round at the end of a game, with varying formats and a gameplay that can differ from that of the main game, became more common after 1960s with series such as Beat the Clock including a bonus Jackpot Round.
Summarize Written Text Questions 25
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Cheese sandwiches can be grilled so that the bread toasts and the cheese melts, a dish referred to as a grilled cheese sandwich, or simply grilled cheese. A slice of grilled cheese is often heated by placing the buttered slices of bread, with the cheese between the slices, on a frying pan or griddle.
Another form of cooked cheese sandwich is the cheese toastie or toastie, a dish particularly popular in the United Kingdom that is prepared by either baking or grilling a cheese sandwich in an oven, or toasting bag in an electric toaster, or using a pie iron in order to toast the bread and melt the cheese. Cheddar is the most common cheese used in a toastie. It is usually served as a snack, or as a usually lunchtime meal, in most cases with a side of salad.
Cooked bread and cheese is an ancient food according to food historians, popular across the world in many cultures. Evidence indicates that, in the U.S., the modern version of the grilled cheese sandwich originated in the 1920s when inexpensive sliced bread and American cheese became readily available. The cheese dream, an open-facedgrilled cheese sandwich, became popular in the U.S. during the Great Depression.
Bonus round, which is a special high stake and more challenging round at the end of a game, with varying formats and a gameplay that can differ from that of the main game, became more common after 1960s with series such as Beat the Clock including a bonus Jackpot Round.
Summarize Written Text Questions 26
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
India ranking remains low in gender equality measures by the World Economic Forum, although the rank has been improving in recent years. When broken down into components that contribute the rank, India performs well on political empowerment, but is scored near the bottom with China on sex selective abortion. India also scores poorly on overall female to male literacy and health rankings. India with a 2013 ranking of 101 out of 136 countries had an overall score of 0.6551, while Iceland, the nation that topped the list, had an overall score of 0.8731 (no gender gap would yield a score of 1.0). Gender inequalities impact India’s sex ratio, women’s health over their lifetimes, their educational attainment, and economic conditions. It is a multifaceted issue that concerns men and women alike.
The labor force participation rate of women was 80.7% in 2013. Nancy Lockwood of Society for Human Resource Management, the world’s largest human resources association with members in 140 countries, in a 2009 report wrote that female labor participation is lower than men, but has been rapidly increasing since the 1990s. Out of India’s 397 million workers in 2001, 124 million were women, states Lockwood.
India is on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal of gender parity in education before 2016. UNICEF’s measure of attendance rate and Gender Equality in Education Index (GEEI) capture the quality of education. Despite some gains, India needs to triple its rate of improvement to reach GEEI score of 95% by 2015 under the Millennium Development Goals. A 1998 report states that rural India girls continue to be less educated than the boys.
India’s ranking in gender equality is low overall but improving in areas such as political empowerment and economy where number of working women has been increasing rapidly since 1990s and also education in which India is on target to meet the Millennium Development Goal of equality in Education though it must triple the rate of improvement to reach that goal by 2016.
Summarize Written Text Questions 27
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
YouTube originally offered videos at only one quality level, displayed at a resolution of 320×240 pixels using the Sorenson Spark codec (a variant of H.263), with mono MP3 audio. In June 2007, YouTube added an option to watch videos in 3GP format on mobile phones. In March 2008, a high-quality mode was added, which increased the resolution to 480×360 pixels.
In November 2008, 720p HD support was added. At the time of the 720p launch, the YouTube player was changed from a 4:3 aspect ratio to a widescreen 16:9. With this new feature, YouTube began a switchover to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC as its default video compression format. In November 2009, 1080p HD support was added. In July 2010, YouTube announced that it had launched a range of videos in 4K format, which allows a resolution of up to 4096×3072 pixels. YouTube has since lowered the maximum resolution to 3840×2160 pixels, which is twice as many pixels in both directions as 1080p.
In June 2014, YouTube introduced videos playing at 60 frames per second, in order to reproduce video games with a frame rate comparable to high-end graphics cards. The videos play back at a resolution of 720p or higher.
YouTube videos are available in a range of quality levels. The former names of standard quality (SQ), high quality (HQ) and high definition (HD) have been replaced by numerical values representing the vertical resolution of the video. The default video stream is encoded in the VP9 format with stereo Opus audio; if VP9/WebM is not supported in the browser/device or the browser’s user agent reports Windows XP, then H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video with stereo AAC audio is used instead.
India’s ranking in gender equality is low overall but improving in areas such as political empowerment and economy where number of working women has been increasing rapidly since 1990s and also education in which India is on target to meet the Millennium Development Goal of equality in Education though it must triple the rate of improvement to reach that goal by 2016.
Summarize Written Text Questions 28
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Whilst enjoying a creamy pint of draft Guinness, have you ever wondered about its journey from brewery to bar The famous black stuff (it’s actually ruby red) is available in 100 countries worldwide and is brewed in almost 50. As you can imagine, it’s a complex undertaking getting it from plant to pub and one that’s fundamental to the company’s success.
A Deloitte team from Risk Analytics. Financial Advisory and Consulting has spent the past two years working with Diageo on its commercial and supply chain programme, Project ice Cap. The objective was to iron out peaks and troughs in sales by improving the client’s understanding of customer demand and sales behavior. At the same time, we looked at removing inefficiencies to help save costs. The programme spanned Diageo’s enormous logistics process from production and warehousing to distribution and retail. Our work supported Diageo in becoming a consumer-driven organization, and with reduced volatility and unpredictability in customer behavior.
Having collaborated with Diageo, Deloitte has undertaken research on the manufacturing process of the world famous Guinness brand, which not only comprises of effective understanding of clientele behavior but is also instrumental in making Diageo a consumer-driven organization.
Summarize Written Text Questions 28
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
What makes teaching online unique is that it uses the Internet, especially the World Wide Web, as the primary means of communication. Thus, when you teach online, you don’t have to be someplace to teach. You don’t have to lug your briefcase full of papers or your laptop to a classroom, stand at a lectern, scribble on a chalkboard, or grade papers in a stuffy room while your students take a test. You don’t even have to sit in your office waiting for students to show up for conferences. You can hold “office hours” on weekends or at night after dinner.
You can do all this while living in a small town in Wyoming or a big city like Bangkok, even if you’re working for a college whose administrative offices are located in Florida or Dubai. You can attend an important conference in Hawaii on the same day that you teach your class in New Jersey, longing on from your laptop via the local cafe’s wireless hot sport or your hotel room’s high-speed network.
Online learning offers more freedom for students as well. They can search for courses using the Web, scouring their institution or even the world for programs, classes and instructors that fit their needs. Having found an appropriate course, they can enrol and register, shop for their books, read articles, listen to lectures, submit their homework assignments, confer with their instructors, and receive their final grades – all online. They can assemble in virtual classrooms, joining other students from diverse geographical locales, forging bond and friendships not possible in conventional classrooms, which are usually limited to students from a specific geographical area.
Online teaching provides the freedom to both teachers and students as teachers need not be at a specific place to teach because they use the internet as the medium of communication, whereas, students can enroll, register, submit assignments and receive grades- all online.
Summarize Written Text Questions 29
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Nurse sharks are nocturnal animals, spending the day in large inactive groups of up to 40 individuals. Hidden under submerged ledges or in crevices within the reef, the Nurse sharks seem to prefer specific resting sites and will return to them each day after the nights hunting. By night, the sharks are largely solitary. Nurse sharks spend most of their time foraging through the bottom sediments in search of food. Their diet consists primarily of crustaceans, molluscs, tunicates and other fish such as spiny lobsters, crabs, shrimps, sea urchins, octopuses, squid, marine snails and bivalves and in particularly, stingrays.
Nurse sharks are thought to take advantage of dormant fish which would otherwise be too fast for the sharks to catch, although their small mouths limit the size of prey items, the sharks have large throat cavities which are used as a sort of bellows valve. In this way, Nurse sharks are able to suck in their prey. Nurse sharks are also known to graze algae and coral. Nurse sharks have been observed resting on the bottom with their bodies supported on their fins, possibly providing a false shelter for crustaceans which they then ambush and eat.
Nurse Sharks, spend most of the time either foraging through the bottom to find food or resting at specific sites, hunts at night and spends the day in large inactive groups.
Summarize Written Text Questions 30
Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.
Nurse sharks are nocturnal animals, spending the day in large inactive groups of up to 40 individuals. Hidden under submerged ledges or in crevices within the reef, the Nurse sharks seem to prefer specific resting sites and will return to them each day after the nights hunting. By night, the sharks are largely solitary. Nurse sharks spend most of their time foraging through the bottom sediments in search of food. Their diet consists primarily of crustaceans, molluscs, tunicates and other fish such as spiny lobsters, crabs, shrimps, sea urchins, octopuses, squid, marine snails and bivalves and in particularly, stingrays.
Nurse sharks are thought to take advantage of dormant fish which would otherwise be too fast for the sharks to catch, although their small mouths limit the size of prey items, the sharks have large throat cavities which are used as a sort of bellows valve. In this way, Nurse sharks are able to suck in their prey. Nurse sharks are also known to graze algae and coral. Nurse sharks have been observed resting on the bottom with their bodies supported on their fins, possibly providing a false shelter for crustaceans which they then ambush and eat.
Water, which improves the social well-being and affects the livelihood of billions, is a core of sustainable development due to which its resources are managed for integrity in the ecosystem
