Reading Practice 90

Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) refer to urban areas that experience significantly higher temperatures than their surrounding rural counterparts. This phenomenon occurs primarily due to human activities, such as industrial operations, transportation, and energy consumption. The dense concentration of buildings and paved surfaces in cities absorbs and retains heat, exacerbating temperature disparities.

One of the critical consequences of UHIs is their impact on energy consumption. Higher temperatures lead to increased demand for cooling systems, which, in turn, strain electrical grids and contribute to higher greenhouse gas emissions. In some cities, UHI effects can raise temperatures by as much as 5 to 7 degrees Celsius, compounding the challenges posed by global climate change.

Another significant effect of UHIs is on public health. Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures increases the risk of heat-related illnesses, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. Furthermore, UHIs exacerbate air pollution levels, as higher temperatures accelerate the formation of ground-level ozone, a primary component of smog.

Efforts to mitigate UHIs have focused on urban planning and design. Initiatives such as incorporating green roofs, planting trees, and using reflective materials for building surfaces have shown promise in reducing urban temperatures. Additionally, policymakers are exploring strategies to integrate these solutions into existing city infrastructure to create more sustainable and livable urban environments.